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The Tsum Valley Trek offers one of Nepal's most pristine and culturally rich trekking experiences, taking adventurers into a sacred Himalayan pilgrimage valley that was closed to tourists until 2008. This hidden gem lies in the northern Gorkha district, nestled against the majestic backdrop of the Ganesh Himal, Sringi Himal, and Boudha ranges. The name "Tsum" derives from the Tibetan word "Tsombo," meaning vivid, and the valley certainly lives up to this description with its breathtaking landscapes of deep gorges, majestic waterfalls, and soaring peaks. What makes this trek extraordinarily special is the valley's distinct preservation of ancient Tibetan Buddhist culture, largely untouched by modern influences. The Tsum Valley is part of the sacred Himalayan pilgrimage territory called "Beyul" that was blessed by Guru Rinpoche, filled with centuries-old monasteries, prayer walls, and artistic chortens. Trekkers will encounter the warm Tsumba people who maintain traditions, language, and dress distinct from other regions of Nepal. The biodiversity is equally impressive, with dense forests of pine, rhododendron, and bamboo sheltering diverse wildlife, including the elusive snow leopard, Himalayan tahr, and over 200 species of birds. The optimal times to experience this remarkable journey are during spring (March- May) when rhododendron forests burst into crimson bloom and autumn (September- November) when colorful harvest celebrations in traditional villages accompany crystal-clear mountain views.

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Total Distance 150km (93 miles)
Altitude 3,700m (12,139ft)
Food Traditional Nepali and Tibetan Dishes
Transporation Jeep, Bus, Trekking
Difficulty Level moderate to challenging

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About this Trip

The Tsum Valley Trek represents a rare opportunity to experience one of the last truly pristine Himalayan cultures. What makes this journey extraordinary is the perfect harmony of natural splendor, spiritual heritage, and cultural immersion in a region that has remained largely unchanged for centuries.

As you ascend through the Budhi Gandaki Valley and eventually branch off into the Tsum Valley, the landscape transforms dramatically. The trail begins in subtropical lowlands with terraced fields and picturesque villages, then transitions through dense forests of pine, oak, and rhododendron. Eventually, the terrain opens to reveal wide, U-shaped valleys with traditional stone villages set against the backdrop of snow-capped peaks. The Tsum Valley's unique geography, nestled in a high-altitude basin, created a natural isolation that has preserved its cultural identity.

The cultural dimension of this trek is unparalleled. The Tsumba people, of Tibetan origin, practice a form of Buddhism dating back to pre-Buddhist Bon traditions. Ancient monasteries like Mu Gompa and Rachen Gompa house precious artifacts, ancient texts, and traditional art forms maintained through generations. One of the valley's most distinctive features is the practice of "ahimsa" or non-violence toward all living creatures – the entire valley is a designated zone where hunting and slaughtering animals is prohibited, making wildlife encounters more frequent than in other trekking regions.

Physically, the trek presents moderate challenges with gradual ascents and limited extreme altitudes compared to other Himalayan treks. The well-spaced villages provide comfortable stopping points, allowing trekkers to acclimatize naturally while enjoying authentic cultural interactions. The circular route offers continuously changing perspectives of the surrounding peaks and landscapes, with very few sections repeated on the return journey.

 

Throughout the adventure, the genuine hospitality of the Tsumba people creates meaningful connections. Sharing tea in traditional stone houses, participating in Buddhist ceremonies, and learning about unique local customs adds profound depth to the trekking experience that goes well beyond the physical journey.

+ Read More

The Tsum Valley Trek represents a rare opportunity to experience one of the last truly pristine Himalayan cultures. What makes this journey extraordinary is the perfect harmony of natural splendor, spiritual heritage, and cultural immersion in a region that has remained largely unchanged for centuries.

As you ascend through the Budhi Gandaki Valley and eventually branch off into the Tsum Valley, the landscape transforms dramatically. The trail begins in subtropical lowlands with terraced fields and picturesque villages, then transitions through dense forests of pine, oak, and rhododendron. Eventually, the terrain opens to reveal wide, U-shaped valleys with traditional stone villages set against the backdrop of snow-capped peaks. The Tsum Valley's unique geography, nestled in a high-altitude basin, created a natural isolation that has preserved its cultural identity.

The cultural dimension of this trek is unparalleled. The Tsumba people, of Tibetan origin, practice a form of Buddhism dating back to pre-Buddhist Bon traditions. Ancient monasteries like Mu Gompa and Rachen Gompa house precious artifacts, ancient texts, and traditional art forms maintained through generations. One of the valley's most distinctive features is the practice of "ahimsa" or non-violence toward all living creatures – the entire valley is a designated zone where hunting and slaughtering animals is prohibited, making wildlife encounters more frequent than in other trekking regions.

Physically, the trek presents moderate challenges with gradual ascents and limited extreme altitudes compared to other Himalayan treks. The well-spaced villages provide comfortable stopping points, allowing trekkers to acclimatize naturally while enjoying authentic cultural interactions. The circular route offers continuously changing perspectives of the surrounding peaks and landscapes, with very few sections repeated on the return journey.

 

Throughout the adventure, the genuine hospitality of the Tsumba people creates meaningful connections. Sharing tea in traditional stone houses, participating in Buddhist ceremonies, and learning about unique local customs adds profound depth to the trekking experience that goes well beyond the physical journey.

+ Read More

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Itinerary

Day 1

Arrival in Kathmandu (1,400m)

Your Tsum Valley adventure begins with arrival in Nepal's vibrant capital. After airport pickup, settle into your hotel and attend a pre-trek briefing with your guide. Use your free time to explore the historic sites of Kathmandu, gather any last-minute trekking supplies from Thamel, and sample authentic Nepali cuisine while preparing mentally for the adventure ahead. Accommodation: Comfortable hotel in Kathmandu with modern amenities.

Day 2

Kathmandu to Soti Khola (710m)

Begin your journey with an early morning drive from Kathmandu to Soti Khola, a 7-8 hour journey along the Prithvi Highway following the Trishuli and Marshyangdi rivers. The drive offers picturesque views of terraced farmlands, rushing rivers, and glimpses of the Annapurna and Manaslu ranges in the distance. The road becomes increasingly scenic but rough as you approach Arughat and continue to Soti Khola, your starting point for the trek. Accommodation: Basic teahouse in Soti Khola.

Day 3

Soti Khola to Machha Khola (900m)

Your first day of trekking covers 14km in approximately 6-7 hours as you follow the Budhi Gandaki River. The trail alternates between forested paths and rocky sections alongside the river, with several ascents and descents. Pass through small villages and terraced fields, crossing suspension bridges that offer thrilling views of the river below. The day concludes in the riverside settlement of Machha Khola, named for its fishing tradition. Accommodation: Teahouse in Machha Khola.

Day 4

Machha Khola to Jagat (1,340m)

Today's 6-7 hour journey continues following the Budhi Gandaki River through increasingly dramatic gorges. The trail passes hot springs at Tatopani, where you can soothe tired muscles with a therapeutic dip. After crossing a suspension bridge, the path climbs steeply up stone stairs before descending to the beautiful village of Jagat, an official entry point to the Manaslu Conservation Area where your permits will be checked. Accommodation: Teahouse in Jagat.

Day 5

Jagat to Lokpa (2,240m)

After trekking through bamboo forests and crossing the Budhi Gandaki several times, you'll reach Ekle Bhatti where the trail splits – one path continuing toward the Manaslu Circuit and the other branching east toward the Tsum Valley. Follow the path to Lokpa, climbing steeply through magnificent pine and rhododendron forests with occasional glimpses of Shringi Himal. This 6-7 hour day represents your first foray into the Tsum Valley region, marked by a dramatic change in landscape and decreasing signs of modern influence. Accommodation: Basic teahouse in Lokpa.

Day 6

Lokpa to Chumling (2,386m)

This 5-6 hour trek begins with a descent into a deep gorge followed by a steep climb through pine and rhododendron forests. Cross the Siyar Khola (river) and continue upward to reach Lower Tsum Valley and the village of Chumling. Here, you'll enjoy your first authentic encounter with Tsumba culture, visiting the old Chumling Gompa and stone houses with distinctive architectural features. On clear days, views of Ganesh Himal provide spectacular photo opportunities. Accommodation: Teahouse in Chumling.

Day 7

Chumling to Chhokang Paro (3,031m)

Today's 5-6 hour journey takes you deeper into the Upper Tsum Valley. After crossing a suspension bridge, the trail climbs gradually through pine and rhododendron forests, passing traditional Tibetan-style villages. Visit the Gho Valley on the way, home to two interesting monasteries – Panago Gumba and Lung Dang Gumba. Continue to Chhokang Paro, the main village of the upper Tsum Valley, consisting of two settlements (Chhokang and Paro) with superb views of the surrounding Himalayas. Accommodation: Teahouse in Chhokang Paro.

Day 8

Chhokang Paro to Nile/Chhule (3,361m)

The 5-6 hour trek today follows gentle terrain through traditional Tibetan-style villages with extensive farming terraces. Pass through Lamagaon, visiting Rachen Gompa, a nunnery home to over 80 nuns belonging to the Ngak-pa sect. The monastery, established in 1905, houses exquisite Buddhist statues, paintings, and a collection of philosophical texts. Continue to Milarepa's Cave, named after the famous Tibetan saint who meditated here, before reaching the twin villages of Nile and Chhule, situated in a broad valley beneath soaring peaks. Accommodation: Teahouse in Nile/Chhule.

Day 9

Day Trip to Mu Gompa (3,700m) and Dhephyudonma Gompa

Embark on a day trip to Mu Gompa, one of the oldest monasteries in the region, dating back to 1895. The 4-5 hour round-trip trek climbs through yak pastures with breathtaking mountain vistas. Explore the monastery complex, interacting with resident monks and learning about their daily routines and spiritual practices. If energy permits, continue to Dhephyudonma Gompa, considered to be the oldest monastery in the Tsum Valley and according to legend established by the first Buddha, Kanjin Choedar. Return to Nile/Chhule for the night. Accommodation: Same teahouse in Nile/Chhule.

Day 10

Nile/Chhule to Burji (3,280m)

Instead of retracing your steps, today you begin a circular return route via the western valley. The 5-6 hour trek follows the high trail to Burji, a small settlement with spectacular views of Ganesh Himal, Himalchuli, and the Baudha Himal ranges. Along the way, pass through high pastures used by yak herders during summer months and several unique meditation caves used by Buddhist practitioners for centuries. The trail offers continuous panoramic views and a sense of remote wilderness. Accommodation: Basic teahouse in Burji.

Day 11

Burji to Chumling (2,386m)

This 6-7 hour trek descends through changing vegetation zones, offering different perspectives of the valley and mountains than your ascent route provided. Pass through small, seldom-visited settlements and agricultural terraces where traditional farming methods have remained unchanged for centuries. The trail eventually rejoins the main Tsum Valley path at Chumling, completing your circuit of the upper valley. Accommodation: Teahouse in Chumling.

Day 12

Chumling to Philim (1,570m)

Begin your exit from the Tsum Valley, trekking 6-7 hours back to Lokpa and then continuing to the charming village of Philim. This larger settlement on the main Manaslu Circuit trail features a Tibetan-style Buddhist monastery and a Japanese-funded school. The village offers comfortable accommodation and a chance to readjust to more populated areas after the remote tranquility of Tsum Valley. Accommodation: Teahouse in Philim.

Day 13

Philim to Khorlabesi (970m)

Continue your descent through the Budhi Gandaki Valley for 7-8 hours, passing through Sirdibas and Jagat before reaching Khorlabesi. The scenery transitions back to more subtropical vegetation with banana plants, terraced rice fields, and increasingly Hindu cultural influences. This long day of trekking covers a significant distance but is primarily downhill, allowing you to reflect on your experiences as you return to lower elevations. Accommodation: Teahouse in Khorlabesi.

Day 14

Khorlabesi to Soti Khola (710m)

Your final day of trekking is a relatively easy 5-6 hour journey back to Soti Khola, completing your circuit. The trail follows the river through small farming communities and lush forests, with time to appreciate the warmer climate and lusher vegetation of the lower regions. Celebrate your trek completion with your guides and porters upon reaching Soti Khola. Accommodation: Teahouse in Soti Khola.

Day 15

Soti Khola to Kathmandu

Board your return vehicle for the 7-8 hour drive back to Kathmandu. The journey provides time for reflection on your experiences in one of Nepal's most pristine cultural territories. Upon arrival in Kathmandu, enjoy the comforts of your hotel, perhaps treating yourself to a celebratory dinner in one of the city's many excellent restaurants. Accommodation: Hotel in Kathmandu.

Day 16

Departure from Kathmandu

Your Tsum Valley adventure concludes with a transfer to Kathmandu International Airport for your departure flight. Depending on your schedule, you may have time for some last-minute shopping or sightseeing in Kathmandu before departing from Nepal with extraordinary memories and cultural insights from this unique Himalayan valley.

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Services

Includes

  • Special restricted area permit for Tsum Valley
  • Manaslu Conservation Area permit
  • TIMS card (Trekkers' Information Management System)
  • Specialized bilingual guide knowledgeable in local Buddhist traditions
  • Private transport between Kathmandu and Soti Khola
  • Daily meals on the trek: breakfast, lunch, and dinner
  • Services of an experienced guide and porter during the trek
  • Accommodation throughout the trek (lodges, guesthouses, and tea houses)
  • All government taxes and official expenses

Excludes

  • Additional accommodation due to unexpected delays or changes
  • Comprehensive travel and medical insurance for the trip
  • Gratuities for the guides, porters, and trekking support staff
  • International flights and Nepal entry visa fees
  • Personal trekking equipment and gear (sleeping bags, jackets, etc.)
  • Personal expenses including snacks, drinks, hot showers, and charging
  • Emergency evacuation services

Good To Know

Training for 2-3 months with regular cardio and hill walking is recommended for this moderate trek. Respect local Buddhist traditions by walking clockwise around religious monuments and not photographing inside monasteries without permission. Carry small denomination Nepalese rupees as there are no ATMs in the valley and credit cards are not accepted. Pack conservatively for varying temperatures and bring water purification methods as bottled water isn't available in remote areas. Consider bringing small gifts like school supplies or medical items for remote communities rather than distributing candy to children.

Spectacular Sightseeing

Ganesh Himal Range (7,422m)

Himalchuli (7,893m)

Shringi Himal (7,187m)

Baudha Himal Range

Mu Gompa monastery

Rachen Gompa nunnery

Milarepa's Cave

Dhephyudonma Gompa

Ancient mani walls and prayer wheels

Traditional Tibetan-style villages

Stone houses with unique architecture

Authentic Buddhist ceremonies

Stunning waterfalls and gorges

Alpine meadows and yak pastures

Pristine alpine forests

Traditional agricultural practices

Wildlife Encounters

Himalayan tahr

Musk deer in forested regions

Blue sheep (bharal)

Himalayan black bear (lower elevations)

Snow leopard (extremely rare)

Red panda (in bamboo forests)

Numerous bird species including Impeyan pheasant (Danphe)

Various high-altitude birds including lammergeier (bearded vulture)

Alpine wildflowers (spring season)

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FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

How difficult is the Tsum Valley Trek?

The trek is moderate in difficulty, with gradual altitude gain and no extreme high passes. The main challenges are some steep sections, basic accommodation, and the remote nature of the region. Most reasonably fit trekkers with determination can complete this trek.

Do I need trekking experience?

Prior trekking experience is beneficial but not essential. Regular fitness training for 2-3 months before the trek is recommended, focusing on cardiovascular endurance and uphill walking.

What is the best time of year for this trek?

March to May (spring) and September to November (autumn) offer the best conditions. Spring features blooming rhododendrons and more active wildlife, while autumn typically has clearer mountain views and pleasant temperatures.

Do I need special permits?

Yes, Tsum Valley is a restricted area requiring special permits that must be arranged through a registered trekking agency. You'll need the Tsum Valley Restricted Area Permit, Manaslu Conservation Area Permit, and TIMS card.

How do I prevent altitude sickness?

The maximum altitude on this trek is moderate compared to other Himalayan treks, but proper acclimatization is still important. Stay hydrated, ascend slowly, and communicate any symptoms to your guide immediately. The itinerary is designed with appropriate acclimatization stops.

What type of accommodation can I expect?

Tea houses in Tsum Valley are basic compared to more popular trekking routes. Expect simple twin rooms, shared bathroom facilities (usually outside), and common dining areas. In more remote sections, accommodation can be very rustic.

Is it possible to shower during the trek?

Basic cold showers are available in most tea houses, with occasional hot showers available for an additional fee in larger villages. Many trekkers rely on wet wipes and hand sanitizer for personal hygiene during much of the trek.

How reliable is the WiFi and phone connectivity?

Extremely limited. There is almost no WiFi in the Tsum Valley, and mobile network coverage is very sporadic. Consider this trek a digital detox and inform family and friends that you'll be out of contact for much of the journey.

Can dietary restrictions be accommodated?

Vegetarian diets are easily accommodated, but strict vegan, gluten-free, or other specific diets may be challenging. Tea houses offer a limited menu, typically consisting of dal bhat (rice, lentil soup, and vegetables), noodles, potatoes, and simple soups. Bringing supplementary food items is recommended for specialized diets.

How much should I budget for the trek?

Beyond the package cost, budget approximately $10-15 per day for additional snacks, drinks, hot showers, and any small souvenir purchases from local villages. Prices increase with remoteness.

How much should I tip the guides and porters?

Tipping is customary and appreciated. A general guideline is $10-15 per day for guides and $5-8 per day for porters, typically given at the end of the trek.

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Why Choose Us
Cultural Immersion Specialists

Our guides include local Tsumba people who provide genuine cultural insights and access to traditional ceremonies and customs not available to ordinary trekkers.

Sustainable Tourism Pioneers

We were among the first operators in Tsum Valley when it opened to tourists, establishing practices that respect the delicate cultural and environmental balance of this sacred valley.

Buddhist Heritage Expertise

Our itinerary includes visits to lesser-known monasteries and interaction with monks and nuns, offering deeper understanding of the unique Buddhist practices preserved in this remote valley.

Community Support Initiatives

A portion of trek costs supports local educational and healthcare projects in the Tsum Valley, allowing your adventure to contribute directly to community development.

Tsum Valley Trek

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